Lessons In Electric Circuits.pdf

Great free ebook about electronic circuit provided by Tony R. Kuphaldt, this is a very complete handbook for those who want to learn deeper in electronic/electric circuits. Whether you’re an electrical engineering, mechanical engineering professional, student or college, computer geek or just hobbyist this free ebook is a must download!
Lessons In Electric Circuits covers from basic to advance knowledge in Electrical, including digital circuits and semiconductors, there are many e-books in engineering, but ones that covers electrical engineering in fundamental is limited, this electrical engineering e-book is one of genre said above.

Table of content of the e-book in engineering along with download links:
  • Volume I - DC (pdf file, 6 MB)
    • Chapter 1: BASIC CONCEPTS OF ELECTRICITY [ contents: Static electricity ~ Conductors, insulators, and electron flow ~ Electric circuits ~ Voltage and current ~ Resistance ~ Voltage and current in a practical circuit ~ Conventional versus electron flow ~ Contributors ]
    • Chapter 2: OHM’s LAW [ contents: How voltage, current, and resistance relate ~ An analogy for Ohm's Law ~ Power in electric circuits ~ Calculating electric power ~ Resistors ~ Nonlinear conduction ~ Circuit wiring ~ Polarity of voltage drops ~ Computer simulation of electric circuits ~ Contributors ]
    • Chapter 3: ELECTRICAL SAFETY [ contents: The importance of electrical safety ~ Physiological effects of electricity ~ Shock current path ~ Ohm's Law (again!) ~ Safe practices ~ Emergency response ~ Common sources of hazard ~ Safe circuit design ~ Safe meter usage ~ Electric shock data ~ Contributors ]
    • Chapter 4: SCIENTIFIC NOTATION AND METRIC PREFIXES [ contents: Scientific notation ~ Arithmetic with scientific notation ~ Metric notation ~ Metric prefix conversions ~ Hand calculator use ~ Scientific notation in SPICE ~ Contributors ]
    • Chapter 5: SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS [ contents: What are "series" and "parallel" circuits? ~ Simple series circuits ~ Simple parallel circuits ~ Conductance ~ Power calculations ~ Correct use of Ohm's Law ~ Component failure analysis ~ Building simple resistor circuits ~ Contributors ]
    • Chapter 6: DIVIDER CIRCUITS AND KIRCHHOFF’S LAWS [ contents: Voltage divider circuits ~ Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) ~ Current divider circuits ~ Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) ~ Contributors ]
    • Chapter 7: SERIES-PARALLEL COMBINATION CIRCUITS [ contents: What is a series-parallel circuit? ~ Analysis technique ~ Re-drawing complex schematics ~ Component failure analysis ~ Building series-parallel resistor circuits ~ Contributors ]
    • Chapter 8: DC METERING CIRCUITS [ contents: What is a meter? ~ Voltmeter design ~ Voltmeter impact on measured circuit ~ Ammeter design ~ Ammeter impact on measured circuit ~ Ohmmeter design ~ High voltage ohmmeters ~ Multimeters ~ Kelvin (4-wire) resistance measurement ~ Bridge circuits ~ Wattmeter design ~ Creating custom calibration resistances ~ Contributors ]
    • Chapter 9: ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENTATION SIGNALS [ contents: Analog and digital signals ~ Voltage signal systems ~ Current signal systems ~ Tachogenerators ~ Thermocouples ~ pH measurement ~ Strain gauges ~ Contributors ]
    • Chapter 10: DC NETWORK ANALYSIS [ contents: What is network analysis? ~ Branch current method ~ Mesh current method ~ Node voltage method ~ Introduction to network theorems ~ Millman's Theorem ~ Superposition Theorem ~ Thevenin's Theorem ~ Norton's Theorem ~ Thevenin-Norton equivalencies ~ Millman's Theorem revisited ~ Maximum Power Transfer Theorem ~ -Y and Y- conversions ~ Contributors ]
    • Chapter 11: BATTERIES AND POWER SYSTEMS [ contents: Electron activity in chemical reactions ~ Battery construction ~ Battery ratings ~ Special-purpose batteries ~ Practical considerations ~ Contributors ]
    • Chapter 12: PHYSICS OF CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS [ contents: Introduction ~ Conductor size ~ Conductor ampacity ~ Fuses ~ Specific resistance ~ Temperature coefficient of resistance ~ Superconductivity ~ Insulator breakdown voltage ~ Data ~ Contributors ]
    • Chapter 13: CAPACITORS [ contents: Electric fields and capacitance ~ Capacitors and calculus ~ Factors affecting capacitance ~ Series and parallel capacitors ~ Practical considerations ~ Contributors ]
    • Chapter 14: MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETISM [ contents: Permanent magnets ~ Electromagnetism ~ Magnetic units of measurement ~ Permeability and saturation ~ Electromagnetic induction ~ Mutual inductance ~ Contributors ]
    • Chapter 15: INDUCTORS [ contents: Magnetic fields and inductance ~ Inductors and calculus ~ Factors affecting inductance ~ Series and parallel inductors ~ Practical considerations ~ Contributors ]
    • Chapter 16: RC AND L/R TIME CONSTANTS [ contents: Electrical transients ~ Capacitor transient response ~ Inductor transient response ~ Voltage and current calculations ~ Why L/R and not LR? ~ Complex voltage and current calculations ~ Complex circuits ~ Solving for unknown time ~ Contributors ]
    • Chapter 17: CONTRIBUTOR LIST [ contents: How to contribute to this book ~ Credits ]
  • Volume II - AC (pdf file, 3 MB)
    • Chapter 1: BASIC AC THEORY [ contents: What is alternating current (AC)? ~ AC waveforms ~ Measurements of AC magnitude ~ Simple AC circuit calculations ~ AC phase ~ Principles of radio ~ Contributors ]
    • Chapter 2: COMPLEX NUMBERS [ contents: Introduction ~ Vectors and AC waveforms ~ Simple vector addition ~ Complex vector addition ~ Polar and rectangular notation ~ Complex number arithmetic ~ More on AC "polarity" ~ Some examples with AC circuits ~ Contributors ]
    • Chapter 3: REACTANCE AND IMPEDANCE — INDUCTIVE [ contents: AC resistor circuits ~ AC inductor circuits ~ Series resistor-inductor circuits ~ Parallel resistor-inductor circuits ~ Inductor quirks ~ More on the ``skin effect'' ~ Contributors ]
    • Chapter 4: REACTANCE AND IMPEDANCE — CAPACITIVE [ contents: AC resistor circuits ~ AC capacitor circuits ~ Series resistor-capacitor circuits ~ Parallel resistor-capacitor circuits ~ Capacitor quirks ~ Contributors ]
    • Chapter 5: REACTANCE AND IMPEDANCE — R, L, AND C [ contents: Review of R, X, and Z ~ Series R, L, and C ~ Parallel R, L, and C ~ Series-parallel R, L, and C ~ Susceptance and Admittance ~ Summary ~ Contributors ]
    • Chapter 6: RESONANCE [ contents: An electric pendulum ~ Simple parallel (tank circuit) resonance ~ Simple series resonance ~ Applications of resonance ~ Resonance in series-parallel circuits ~ Q and bandwidth of a resonant circuit ~ Contributors ]
    • Chapter 7: MIXED-FREQUENCY AC SIGNALS [ contents: Introduction ~ Square wave signals ~ Other waveshapes ~ More on spectrum analysis ~ Circuit effects ~ Contributors ]
    • Chapter 8: FILTERS [ contents: What is a filter? ~ Low-pass filters ~ High-pass filters ~ Band-pass filters ~ Band-stop filters ~ Resonant filters ~ Summary ~ Contributors ]
    • Chapter 9: TRANSFORMERS [ contents: Mutual inductance and basic operation ~ Step-up and step-down transformers ~ Electrical isolation ~ Phasing ~ Winding configurations ~ Voltage regulation ~ Special transformers and applications ~ Practical considerations ~ Contributors ]
    • Chapter 10: POLYPHASE AC CIRCUITS [ contents: Single-phase power systems ~ Three-phase power systems ~ Phase rotation ~ Polyphase motor design ~ Three-phase Y and configurations ~ Three-phase transformer circuits ~ Harmonics in polyphase power systems ~ Harmonic phase sequences ~ Contributors ]
    • Chapter 11: POWER FACTOR [ contents: Power in resistive and reactive AC circuits ~ True, Reactive, and Apparent power ~ Calculating power factor ~ Practical power factor correction ~ Contributors ]
    • Chapter 12: AC METERING CIRCUITS [ contents: AC voltmeters and ammeters ~ Frequency and phase measurement ~ Power measurement ~ Power quality measurement ~ AC bridge circuits ~ AC instrumentation transducers ~ Contributors ]
    • Chapter 13: AC MOTORS [ contents: Introduction ~ Synchronous Motors ~ Synchronous condenser ~ Reluctance motor ~ Stepper motors ~ Brushless DC motor ~ Tesla polyphase induction motors ~ Wound rotor induction motors ~ Single-phase induction motors ~ Other specialized motors ~ Selsyn (synchro) motors ~ AC commutator motors ]
    • Chapter 14: TRANSMISSION LINES [ contents: A 50-ohm cable? ~ Circuits and the speed of light ~ Characteristic impedance ~ Finite-length transmission lines ~ ``Long'' and ``short'' transmission lines ~ Standing waves and resonance ~ Impedance transformation ~ Waveguides ]
    • Chapter 15: CONTRIBUTOR LIST [ contents: How to contribute to this book ~ Credits ]
  • Volume III - Semiconductors (pdf file, 3.8 MB)
    • Chapter 1: AMPLIFIERS AND ACTIVE DEVICES [ contents: From electric to electronic ~ Active versus passive devices ~ Amplifiers ~ Amplifier gain ~ Decibels ~ Absolute dB scales ~ Attenuators ]
    • Chapter 2: SOLID-STATE DEVICE THEORY [ contents: Introduction ~ Quantum physics ~ Valence and Crystal structure ~ Band theory of solids ~ Electrons and ``holes'' ~ The P-N junction ~ Junction diodes ~ Bipolar junction transistors ~ Junction field-effect transistors ~ Insulated-gate field-effect transistors (MOSFET) ~ Thyristors ~ Semiconductor manufacturing techniques ~ Superconducting devices ~ Quantum devices ~ Semiconductor devices in SPICE ]
    • Chapter 3: DIODES AND RECTIFIERS [ contents: Introduction ~ Meter check of a diode ~ Diode ratings ~ Rectifier circuits ~ Peak detector ~ Clipper circuits ~ Clamper circuits ~ Voltage multipliers ~ Inductor commutating circuits ~ Diode switching circuits ~ Zener diodes ~ Special-purpose diodes ~ Other diode technologies ~ SPICE models ]
    • Chapter 4: BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS [ contents: Introduction ~ The transistor as a switch ~ Meter check of a transistor ~ Active mode operation ~ The common-emitter amplifier ~ The common-collector amplifier ~ The common-base amplifier ~ Biasing techniques ~ Input and output coupling ~ Feedback ~ Amplifier impedances ~ Current mirrors ~ Transistor ratings and packages ~ BJT quirks ]
    • Chapter 5: JUNCTION FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS [ contents: Introduction ~ The transistor as a switch ~ Meter check of a transistor ~ Active-mode operation ~ The common-source amplifier -- PENDING ~ The common-drain amplifier -- PENDING ~ The common-gate amplifier -- PENDING ~ Biasing techniques -- PENDING ~ Transistor ratings and packages -- PENDING ~ JFET quirks -- PENDING ]
    • Chapter 6: INSULATED-GATE FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS [ contents: Introduction ~ Depletion-type IGFETs ~ Enhancement-type IGFETs -- PENDING ~ Active-mode operation -- PENDING ~ The common-source amplifier -- PENDING ~ The common-drain amplifier -- PENDING ~ The common-gate amplifier -- PENDING ~ Biasing techniques -- PENDING ~ Transistor ratings and packages -- PENDING ~ IGFET quirks -- PENDING ~ MESFETs -- PENDING ~ IGBTs ]
    • Chapter 7: THYRISTORS [ contents: Hysteresis ~ Gas discharge tubes ~ The Shockley Diode ~ The DIAC ~ The Silicon-Controlled Rectifier (SCR) ~ The TRIAC ~ Optothyristors ~ The Unijunction Transistor (UJT) -- PENDING ~ The Silicon-Controlled Switch (SCS) ~ Field-effect-controlled thyristors ]
    • Chapter 8: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS [ contents: Introduction ~ Single-ended and differential amplifiers ~ The "operational" amplifier ~ Negative feedback ~ Divided feedback ~ An analogy for divided feedback ~ Voltage-to-current signal conversion ~ Averager and summer circuits ~ Building a differential amplifier ~ The instrumentation amplifier ~ Differentiator and integrator circuits ~ Positive feedback ~ Practical considerations ~ Operational amplifier models ~ Data ]
    • Chapter 9: PRACTICAL ANALOG SEMICONDUCTOR CIRCUITS [ contents: ElectroStatic Discharge ~ Power supply circuits -- INCOMPLETE ~ Amplifier circuits -- PENDING ~ Oscillator circuits -- INCOMPLETE ~ Phase-locked loops -- PENDING ~ Radio circuits -- INCOMPLETE ~ Computational circuits ~ Measurement circuits -- INCOMPLETE ~ Control circuits -- PENDING ]
    • Chapter 10: ACTIVE FILTERS
    • Chapter 11: DC MOTOR DRIVES
    • Chapter 12: INVERTERS AND AC MOTOR DRIVES
    • Chapter 13: ELECTRON TUBES [ contents: Introduction ~ Early tube history ~ The triode ~ The tetrode ~ Beam power tubes ~ The pentode ~ Combination tubes ~ Tube parameters ~ Ionization (gas-filled) tubes ~ Display tubes ~ Microwave tubes ~ Tubes versus Semiconductors ]
    • Chapter 14: CONTRIBUTOR LIST [ contents: How to contribute to this book ~ Credits ]
  • Volume IV - Digital (pdf file, 2.75 MB)
    • Chapter 1: NUMERATION SYSTEMS [ contents: Numbers and symbols ~ Systems of numeration ~ Decimal versus binary numeration ~ Octal and hexadecimal numeration ~ Octal and hexadecimal to decimal conversion ~ Conversion from decimal numeration ]
    • Chapter 2: BINARY ARITHMETIC [ contents: Numbers versus numeration ~ Binary addition ~ Negative binary numbers ~ Subtraction ~ Overflow ~ Bit groupings ]
    • Chapter 3: LOGIC GATES [ contents: Digital signals and gates ~ The NOT gate ~ The "buffer" gate ~ Multiple-input gates ~ TTL NAND and AND gates ~ TTL NOR and OR gates ~ CMOS gate circuitry ~ Special-output gates ~ Gate universality ~ Logic signal voltage levels ~ DIP gate packaging ~ Contributors ]
    • Chapter 4: SWITCHES [ contents: Switch types ~ Switch contact design ~ Contact "normal" state and make/break sequence ~ Contact "bounce" ]
    • Chapter 5: ELECTROMECHANICAL RELAYS [ contents: Relay construction ~ Contactors ~ Time-delay relays ~ Protective relays ~ Solid-state relays ]
    • Chapter 6: LADDER LOGIC [ contents: "Ladder" diagrams ~ Digital logic functions ~ Permissive and interlock circuits ~ Motor control circuits ~ Fail-safe design ~ Programmable logic controllers ~ Contributors ]
    • Chapter 7: BOOLEAN ALGEBRA [ contents: Introduction ~ Boolean arithmetic ~ Boolean algebraic identities ~ Boolean algebraic properties ~ Boolean rules for simplification ~ Circuit simplification examples ~ The Exclusive-OR function ~ DeMorgan's Theorems ~ Converting truth tables into Boolean expressions ]
    • Chapter 8: KARNAUGH MAPPING [ contents: Introduction ~ Venn diagrams and sets ~ Boolean Relationships on Venn Diagrams ~ Making a Venn diagram look like a Karnaugh map ~ Karnaugh maps, truth tables, and Boolean expressions ~ Logic simplification with Karnaugh maps ~ Larger 4-variable Karnaugh maps ~ Minterm vs maxterm solution ~ (sum) and (product) notation ~ Don't care cells in the Karnaugh map ~ Larger 5 & 6-variable Karnaugh maps ]
    • Chapter 9: COMBINATIONAL LOGIC FUNCTIONS [ contents: Introduction ~ A Half-Adder ~ A Full-Adder ~ Decoder ~ Encoder ~ Demultiplexers ~ Multiplexers ~ Using multiple combinational circuits ]
    • Chapter 10: MULTIVIBRATORS [ contents: Digital logic with feedback ~ The S-R latch ~ The gated S-R latch ~ The D latch ~ Edge-triggered latches: Flip-Flops ~ The J-K flip-flop ~ Asynchronous flip-flop inputs ~ Monostable multivibrators ]
    • Chapter 11: COUNTERS [ contents: Binary count sequence ~ Asynchronous counters ~ Synchronous counters ~ Counter modulus ]
    • Chapter 12: SHIFT REGISTERS [ contents: Introduction ~ Serial-in/serial-out shift register ~ Parallel-in, serial-out shift register ~ Serial-in, parallel-out shift register ~ Parallel-in, parallel-out, universal shift register ~ Ring counters ~ references ]
    • Chapter 13: DIGITAL-ANALOG CONVERSION [ contents: Introduction ~ The R/2nR DAC ~ The R/2R DAC ~ Flash ADC ~ Digital ramp ADC ~ Successive approximation ADC ~ Tracking ADC ~ Slope (integrating) ADC ~ Delta-Sigma () ADC ~ Practical considerations of ADC circuits ]
    • Chapter 14: DIGITAL COMMUNICATION [ contents: Introduction ~ Networks and busses ~ Data flow ~ Electrical signal types ~ Optical data communication ~ Network topology ~ Network protocols ~ Practical considerations ]
    • Chapter 15: DIGITAL STORAGE (MEMORY) [ contents: Why digital? ~ Digital memory terms and concepts ~ Modern nonmechanical memory ~ Historical, nonmechanical memory technologies ~ Read-only memory ~ Memory with moving parts: "Drives" ]
    • Chapter 16: PRINCIPLES OF DIGITAL COMPUTING [ contents: A binary adder ~ Look-up tables ~ Finite-state machines ~ Microprocessors ~ Microprocessor programming ]
    • Chapter 17: CONTRIBUTOR LIST [ contents: How to contribute to this book ~ Credits ]
  • Volume V - Reference (pdf file, 0.7 MB)
    • Chapter 1: USEFUL EQUATIONS AND CONVERSION FACTORS [ contents: DC circuit equations and laws ~ Series circuit rules ~ Parallel circuit rules ~ Series and parallel component equivalent values ~ Capacitor sizing equation ~ Inductor sizing equation ~ Time constant equations ~ AC circuit equations ~ Decibels ~ Metric prefixes and unit conversions ~ Data ~ Contributors ]
    • Chapter 2: COLOR CODES [ contents: Resistor Color Codes ~ Wiring Color Codes ]
    • Chapter 3: CONDUCTOR AND INSULATOR TABLES [ contents: Copper wire gage table ~ Copper wire ampacity table ~ Coefficients of specific resistance ~ Temperature coefficients of resistance ~ Critical temperatures for superconductors ~ Dielectric strengths for insulators ~ Data ]
    • Chapter 4: ALGEBRA REFERENCE [ contents: Basic identities ~ Arithmetic properties ~ Properties of exponents ~ Radicals ~ Important constants ~ Logarithms ~ Factoring equivalencies ~ The quadratic formula ~ Sequences ~ Factorials ~ Solving simultaneous equations ~ Contributors ]
    • Chapter 5: TRIGONOMETRY REFERENCE [ contents: Right triangle trigonometry ~ Non-right triangle trigonometry ~ Trigonometric equivalencies ~ Hyperbolic functions ~ Contributors ]
    • Chapter 6: CALCULUS REFERENCE [ contents: Rules for limits ~ Derivative of a constant ~ Common derivatives ~ Derivatives of power functions of e ~ Trigonometric derivatives ~ Rules for derivatives ~ The antiderivative (Indefinite integral) ~ Common antiderivatives ~ Antiderivatives of power functions of e ~ Rules for antiderivatives ~ Definite integrals and the fundamental theorem of calculus ~ Differential equations ]
    • Chapter 7: USING THE SPICE CIRCUIT SIMULATION PROGRAM [ contents: Introduction ~ History of SPICE ~ Fundamentals of SPICE programming ~ The command-line interface ~ Circuit components ~ Analysis options ~ Quirks ~ Example circuits and netlists ]
    • Chapter 8: TROUBLESHOOTING — THEORY AND PRACTICE [ contents: Questions to ask before proceeding ~ General troubleshooting tips ~ Specific troubleshooting techniques ~ Likely failures in proven systems ~ Likely failures in unproven systems ~ Potential pitfalls ~ Contributors ]
    • Chapter 9: CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC SYMBOLS [ contents: Wires and connections ~ Power sources ~ Resistors ~ Capacitors ~ Inductors ~ Mutual inductors ~ Switches, hand actuated ~ Switches, process actuated ~ Switches, electrically actuated (relays) ~ Connectors ~ Diodes ~ Transistors, bipolar ~ Transistors, junction field-effect (JFET) ~ Transistors, insulated-gate field-effect (IGFET or MOSFET) ~ Transistors, hybrid ~ Thyristors ~ Integrated circuits ~ Electron tubes ]
    • Chapter 10: PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS [ contents: Table (landscape view) ~ Table (portrait view) ~ Data ]
    • Chapter 11: CONTRIBUTOR LIST [ contents: How to contribute to this book ~ Credits ]
  • Volume VI - Experiments (pdf file, 3.7 MB)
    • Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION [ contents: Electronics as science ~ Setting up a home lab ~ Contributors ]
    • Chapter 2: BASIC CONCEPTS AND TEST EQUIPMENT [ contents: Voltmeter usage ~ Ohmmeter usage ~ A very simple circuit ~ Ammeter usage ~ Ohm's Law ~ Nonlinear resistance ~ Power dissipation ~ Circuit with a switch ~ Electromagnetism ~ Electromagnetic induction ]
    • Chapter 3: DC CIRCUITS [ contents: Introduction ~ Series batteries ~ Parallel batteries ~ Voltage divider ~ Current divider ~ Potentiometer as a voltage divider ~ Potentiometer as a rheostat ~ Precision potentiometer ~ Rheostat range limiting ~ Thermoelectricity ~ Make your own multimeter ~ Sensitive voltage detector ~ Potentiometric voltmeter ~ 4-wire resistance measurement ~ A very simple computer ~ Potato battery ~ Capacitor charging and discharging ~ Rate-of-change indicator ]
    • Chapter 4: AC CIRCUITS [ contents: Introduction ~ Transformer -- power supply ~ Build a transformer ~ Variable inductor ~ Sensitive audio detector ~ Sensing AC magnetic fields ~ Sensing AC electric fields ~ Automotive alternator ~ Induction motor ~ Phase shift ~ Sound cancellation ~ Musical keyboard as a signal generator ~ PC Oscilloscope ~ Waveform analysis ~ Inductor-capacitor "tank" circuit ~ Signal coupling ]
    • Chapter 5: DISCRETE SEMICONDUCTOR CIRCUITS [ contents: Introduction ~ Commutating diode ~ Half-wave rectifier ~ Full-wave center-tap rectifier ~ Full-wave bridge rectifier ~ Rectifier/filter circuit ~ Voltage regulator ~ Transistor as a switch ~ Static electricity sensor ~ Pulsed-light sensor ~ Voltage follower ~ Common-emitter amplifier ~ Multi-stage amplifier ~ Current mirror ~ JFET current regulator ~ Differential amplifier ~ Simple op-amp ~ Audio oscillator ~ Vacuum tube audio amplifier ]
    • Chapter 6: ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS [ contents: Introduction ~ Voltage comparator ~ Precision voltage follower ~ Noninverting amplifier ~ High-impedance voltmeter ~ Integrator ~ 555 audio oscillator ~ 555 ramp generator ~ PWM power controller ~ Class B audio amplifier ]
    • Chapter 7: DIGITAL INTEGRATED CIRCUITS [ contents: Introduction ~ Basic gate function ~ NOR gate S-R latch ~ NAND gate S-R enabled latch ~ NAND gate S-R flip-flop ~ LED sequencer ~ Simple combination lock ~ 3-bit binary counter ~ 7-segment display ]
    • Chapter 8: CONTRIBUTOR LIST [ contents: How to contribute to this book ~ Credits ]

    Copyright (C) 2000-2007, Tony R. Kuphaldt.

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